Category: OLD TESTAMENT

One of the twelve spies sent to search out the promise land. He is first mentioned in Numbers 13:6, as the son of Jephunneh, from the tribe of Judah. 
More is learned of Caleb in Numbers 13:30, 14:6,24,30,38 26:65 32:12 34:19

And in Deuteronomy 1:36 his faithfulness is promised a reward.

His service in the promise land is recorded in Joshua 14:6,13-14, 15:13-18, 21:12.

More about Caleb and his family is recorded in Judges 1:12-20, 3:9

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One of the twelve men chosen by Moses to spy out the promise land. Only he and Caleb gave a good report and told Moses “Let’s Go!”. His name was Hoshea, but Moses called him Joshua.

He was the son of Nun, of the tribe of Ephraim, a young man who followed Moses and became his servant (right hand man). Exodus 17:9-14, 24:13, 32:17, 33:11.

More of Joshua before he became the leader after Moses.
Numbers 11:28, 14:6,30,38, 26:65, 27:18,22, 32:12,28, 34:17
Deuteronomy 1:38, 3:21,28, 31:3,7,14,23, 34:9

And the Book of Joshua records his leadership exploits.
Best summarized in Joshua 24:15 … but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD.
His death at 110 years old is recorded in Judges 1:1,2:6-8,21,23
Last reference is in 1 Kings 16:34

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The children of Israel had dwelt in the Land of Egypt for 430 years (Exodus 12:40-41) before Pharaoh let them leave. But not until the Lord sent 10 Plagues upon them.

Exodus 5:1-2 And afterward Moses and Aaron went in, and told Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Let my people go, that they may hold a feast unto me in the wilderness. And Pharaoh said, Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice to let Israel go? I know not the LORD, neither will I let Israel go.

The plagues are:

1) Water turning to blood	⮞ read Plague #1
2) Frogs	⮞ read Plague #2
3) Lice	⮞ read Plague #3
4) Flies	⮞ read Plague #4
5) Livestock pestilence	⮞ read Plague #5
6) Boils	⮞ read Plague #6
7) Hail	⮞ read Plague #7
8) Locusts	⮞ read Plague #8
9) Darkness	⮞ read Plague #9
10) The killing of firstborn children	⮞ read Plague #10

The Passover Sacrifice
On the first day of the month of Nissan, two weeks before the Exodus from Egypt, God said to Moses and Aaron: “This month shall be to you the head of the months; to you it shall be the first of the months of the year. Speak to the entire community of Israel, saying (Exodus 12:2-31), On the tenth of this month, let each one take a lamb for each parental home, a lamb for each household.”
On the tenth of this month, let each one take a lamb… a lamb for each household… . a lamb for a household . . . And you shall keep it for inspection until the fourteenth day of this month… And this is how you shall eat it: your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it in haste it is a Passover sacrifice to the Lord… And I will see the blood and skip over you, and there will be no plague to destroy [you] when I smite the [people of the] land of Egypt. And this day shall be for you as a memorial, and you shall celebrate it as a festival for the Lord; throughout your generations, you shall celebrate it as an everlasting statute. For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, but on the preceding day you shall clear away all leaven from your houses… And it will come to pass if your children say to you, “What is this service to you? You shall say, It is a Passover sacrifice to the Lord, for He passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt when He smote the Egyptians, and He saved our houses!”
Moses told all this to the children of Israel. It required a great deal of faith and courage for the children of Israel to carry out this Command, for the lamb was a sacred animal to the ancient Egyptians. But the children of Israel eagerly and fearlessly carried out all that God had ordered.

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Exodus 11:4-5 And Moses said, Thus saith the LORD, About midnight will I go out into the midst of Egypt: And all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the first born of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is behind the mill; and all the firstborn of beasts.

The tenth plague began at Midnight of the fourteenth to the fifteenth of Nissan. God struck all first-born in the land of Egypt, from the first-born of King Pharaoh, down to the first-born of a captive in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of the cattle, exactly as Moses had warned. There was a loud and bitter wail in each house a loved one lay fatally stricken. Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron during that very night, and said to them:
Exodus 12:31-32 Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said. Also take your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also.
At last, then, the pride of the stubborn king was broken. The Hebrews were protected if the obeyed the instructions of Moses.
Exodus 12:7 And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it.

Meanwhile the Hebrews had been preparing for their hasty departure. They had assembled in groups to eat the Sacrificial Lamb before midnight, arrayed as they had been commanded. The women had taken from the ovens the unleavened cakes, which were eaten with the meat of the roasted lamb. The preparations were at last concluded, and all was ready. At the word of command, the whole nation of the Hebrews poured forth into the cool, still Eastern morning. But not even amidst their trepidation and danger did they forget the pledge given by their ancestors to Joseph, and they carried his remains, with them, to inter them later in the Promised Land.
Exodus 11-12 records the complete account.

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Exodus 10:21 And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.

The ninth plague was darkness over all the land of Egypt. For three days all of Egypt was enveloped in a thick and impenetrable veil of darkness which extinguished all lights kindled. The Egyptians were gripped with fear, and remained glued to their places wherever they stood or sat. Only in Goshen, where the Hebrew children dwelt, all had light in their dwellings. Again Pharaoh tried to bargain with Moses and Aaron, bidding them depart with all their people, leaving their flocks and herds behind as a pledge. Moses and Aaron informed him, however, that they would accept nothing less than complete freedom for the men, women, and children, and that they were to take all their belongings with them. Now Pharaoh became angry and ordered Moses and Aaron to leave and never to return. He warned them that if they were to come before him again they would die. Moses replied that it would not be necessary for them to see Pharaoh, for God would send one more plague over Egypt, after which Pharaoh would give his unconditional permission for the children of Israel to leave Egypt.
Exodus 10:21-29 records the complete account.

⇛ continue to Plague #10
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Exodus 10:3-4 And Moses and Aaron came in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, How long wilt thou refuse to humble thyself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me. Else, if thou refuse to let my people go, behold, to morrow will I bring the locusts into thy coast:

The eighth plague: Locusts. The next time Moses and Aaron came before Pharaoh, he appeared somewhat relenting, and asked them who was to participate in the worship the Israelites wanted to hold in the desert. When they told him that everyone without exception, young and old, men and women, and animals, were to go, Pharaoh suggested that only the men should go, and that the women and children, as well as all their possessions should remain in Egypt. Moses and Aaron would not accept this offer, and Pharaoh became angry and ordered them to leave his palace. Before leaving, Moses warned him of new and untold suffering. But Pharaoh remained adamant, even though his advisers advised against further resistance.
As soon as Moses left the palace, he raised his arms toward heaven and an east wind brought swarms of locusts into Egypt, covering the sun, and devouring everything green that had escaped the hail and previous plagues. Never in the history of mankind had there been such a devastating plague of locusts as this one. It brought complete ruin upon Egypt, which had already been thoroughly ravaged by the previous catastrophes. Again Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron, and implored them to pray to G d to stop the plague. Moses complied, and G d sent a strong west wind that drove the locusts into the sea. When relief came, Pharaoh’s obstinacy returned to him, and he refused to liberate the people of Israel.
Exodus 10:1-20 records the complete account.

⇛ continue to Plague #9
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Exodus 9:18 Behold, to morrow about this time I will cause it to rain a very grievous hail, such as hath not been in Egypt since the foundation thereof even until now.

The seventh plague was a hail-storm of unprecedented violence was to sweep the land; no living thing, no tree, no herb was to escape its fury unhurt; safety was to be found only in the shelter of the houses; those, therefore, who believed and were afraid might keep in their homes, and drive their cattle into the sheds. Some of the Egyptians took this counsel to heart; but the reckless and the stubborn left their cattle with their servants in the fields. The hail did its work of destruction; man and beast who were exposed to its rage died on the spot; the herbs were scattered to the wind, and the trees lay shattered on the ground. The Hebrews who lived in the land of Goshen remained untouched by the ravages of the storm, bloomed like a garden amidst the general devastation.
Exodus 9:27-28 And Pharaoh sent, and called for Moses and Aaron, and said unto them, I have sinned this time: the LORD is righteous, and I and my people are wicked. Intreat the LORD (for it is enough) that there be no more mighty thunderings and hail; and I will let you go, and ye shall stay no longer.
Exodus 9:29-31 And Moses said unto him, As soon as I am gone out of the city, I will spread abroad my hands unto the LORD; and the thunder shall cease, neither shall there be any more hail; that thou mayest know how that the earth is the LORD’s. But as for thee and thy servants, I know that ye will not yet fear the LORD God.
And it happened as Moses had said: the storm ceased-but Pharaoh’s heart remained hardened.
Exodus 9:18-35 records the complete account.

⇛ continue to Plague #8
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Exodus 9:8-9 And the LORD said unto Moses and unto Aaron, Take to you handfuls of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it toward the heaven in the sight of Pharaoh. And it shall become small dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall be a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast, throughout all the land of Egypt.

Then followed the sixth plague, which was so painful and horrible that it must have struck the people of Egypt with horror and agony. God commanded Moses to take soot from the furnaces, and to sprinkle it towards heaven; and as Moses did so, boils burst forth upon man and beast throughout the land of Egypt.
Exodus 9:8-12 records the complete account.

⇛ continue to Plague #7
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Exodus 9:1-3 Then the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh, and tell him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me. For if thou refuse to let them go, and wilt hold them still, Behold, the hand of the LORD is upon thy cattle which is in the field, upon the horses, upon the asses, upon the camels, upon the oxen, and upon the sheep: there shall be a very grievous murrain.
The fifth plague that God sent was a fatal pestilence that killed most of the domestic animals of the Egyptians but not on the land of Goshen. How the people must have grieved when they saw their stately horses, the pride of Egypt, perish; when all the cattle of the fields were stricken at the word of Moses; and when the animals upon which they looked as gods died smitten by the plague! They had, moreover, the mortification of seeing the beasts of the Israelites unhurt. Yet Pharaoh still hardened his heart, and would not let the Israelites go.
Exodus 9:1-7 records the complete account.

⇛ continue to Plague #6
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Exodus 8:20-21 And the LORD said unto Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh; lo, he cometh forth to the water; and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me. Else, if thou wilt not let my people go, behold, I will send swarms of flies upon thee, and upon thy servants, and upon thy people, and into thy houses: and the houses of the Egyptians shall be full of swarms of flies, and also the ground whereon they are.

The fourth plague sent upon Egypt was swarms of flies. But not upon the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel lived. Only upon Egypt, it was so bad Pharaoh agreed to let them go for 3 days. But when the Lord removed the flies, Pharaoh changed his mind.
Exodus 8:20-32 records the complete account.

⇛ continue to Plague #5
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